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Contemplation Environments

A 1970 exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Crafts showcased handcrafted spaces designed for meditative moods.

By Beth Goodrich
November 6, 2025

Ted Hallman seated cross-legged outside his piece.
Photo courtesy of the American Craft Council Archives

Ted Hallman seated outside his Centering Environment, 1969, made from woven Acrilon fibers on a steel-framed cube.

The Dreamy Spaces of Contemplation Environments. What environments do we dream of? How do our surroundings stimulate our capacity to dream? Where do we, in our contemporary urbanized society, find spaces that allow for contemplation? In 1970, the Museum of Contemporary Crafts explored these questions in an innovative exhibition called Contemplation Environments.

Introducing the exhibition catalog, museum director Paul J. Smith wrote, “There can be said to exist a kind of ineffable presence in the architectural space itself which exerts a quieting, peaceful influence on the mind and emotions of the individual who enters it.” The exhibition aimed to explore the psychological effect of our physical surroundings, in particular those that were conducive to the act of “considering with attention.”

Smith notes that the exhibition was “developed and not collected.” Research by museum staff in preparation for the exhibition showed that artists were interested in exploring the design of large-scale environments that could provide a respite from the busyness of daily urban life and allow for purposeful meditation, musing, and dreaming.

The museum, which was founded in 1956 by ACC founder Aileen Osborn Webb and later evolved into the Museum of Arts and Design, commissioned architect Gamal El-Zoghby to consult with each of the participating artists and to unify the 16 separate environments into a singular experience. Visitors were directed to follow a traffic flow that allowed each environment to be experienced in isolation from the others.

Most of the environments reflected unrealized dreams and visions of the artists. Wendell Castle created a laminated wood environment with a skylight, reading light, and an exterior light to indicate when the space was in use. Aleksandra Kasuba’s sculptural structure of stretched nylon featured a raised floor that was split with light from below. John Fischer’s Turf Room surrounded guests with fresh turf on the floor, walls, and ceiling.

Ted Hallman’s Centering Environment
Photo courtesy of the American Craft Council Archives

Ted Hallman’s Centering Environment.

Some environments employed sound or other sensory elements to create a contemplative mood, such as USCO/Intermedia’s chairs, which featured recorded sound by poet and artist Gerd Stern. Irv Teibel’s aural environment simulated sounds of nature, while stepping on the platform of Terry Fugate-Wilcox’s Air Shower activated warm air currents and lights.

Art and architecture students at Pratt Institute and City College of New York were encouraged to submit sketches of their concepts for public spaces conducive to contemplation in New York City. What dreams could be conjured in an underwater sphere attached to the Staten Island Ferry? Fifty-five years later, we’re still left wondering.

 

Beth Goodrich is the archivist for the American Craft Council. The ACC Archives hold historical documentation of ACC dating back to 1939, as well as the early history of the Museum of Contemporary Crafts/American Craft Museum (now the Museum of Arts and Design) from 1956 to 1990. Many materials from the archives are available online at digital.craftcouncil.org.

A hand peeks out of Wendell Castle’s oak and fiberglass structure.
Photo courtesy of the American Craft Council Archives

A hand peeks out of Wendell Castle’s oak and fiberglass Enclosed Reclining Environment.

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